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Completed Project

Precision Stepper
Motor Controller

A multi-axis stepper motor controller built for robotic arms. It uses microstepping, closed-loop feedback, and real-time trajectory planning to keep motion accurate.

Stepper Motor Controller
6
Motor Axes
256
Microsteps
0.01mm
Precision
11
Weeks to Build

System Architecture

Motor Drivers

TMC2209 stepper drivers with StealthChop and SpreadCycle for quiet, high-torque operation

Motion Controller

STM32F4 MCU running real-time motion planning with interrupt-driven step generation

Feedback System

Optical encoders and limit switches for closed-loop position verification and homing

Control Software

A G-code interpreter with a custom trajectory planner and a web-based jog control interface

Core Capabilities

Micro-Precision

256 microstep resolution reaches 0.01mm positional accuracy, with anti-backlash compensation on every axis.

Multi-Axis Sync

Coordinated 6-axis interpolation with S-curve acceleration profiles keeps robotic movements smooth and free of jerks.

Real-Time Planning

Look-ahead trajectory planner processing up to 1000 motion segments per second with velocity smoothing.

Silent Operation

StealthChop drive mode cuts motor noise to almost nothing and still holds full torque at low speeds.

Closed-Loop Control

Optical encoder feedback detects missed steps and automatically corrects position drift without stopping operation.

Safety Systems

Hardware limit switches, software boundaries, emergency stop, and thermal protection for safe unattended operation.

Controller Board
Controller Board - 6-Axis Configuration
Motor Assembly
Motor Assembly
Robotic Arm
Robotic Arm Test

Development Process

01
Requirements Analysis

Joint range-of-motion specification, torque calculations, and motor selection for each axis of the robotic arm.

02
PCB & Driver Design

Custom carrier board for TMC2209 drivers with current sensing, thermal management, and EMI shielding.

03
Firmware Development

STM32 firmware with real-time step generation, G-code parsing, and closed-loop PID position control.

04
Kinematics Engine

Forward and inverse kinematics solver for Cartesian-to-joint-space conversion with collision detection.

05
Integration Testing

Full system validation with repeatability testing, load characterization, and long-duration endurance runs.

Project Results

Positional Accuracy0.01mm
Repeatability99.5%
Max Speed200mm/s
Thermal Stability45C max
Duty Cycle24/7
Tech Stack
STM32F4 TMC2209 G-code KiCad C/C++ FreeRTOS SPI UART Optical Encoders Python React.js WebSocket

Need Precision Motion Control?

From CNC machines to robotic arms, our team designs custom motor control systems that stay accurate and reliable under load.